Taking a Look at Sexual Advertising - 738 Words

Analyzing Advertisements Advertising today has drastically changed from what it was a century ago. With the rise of social media, companies and advertising agencies must adapt to new technologies in order appeal to the public. A successful and efficient advertisement creates a desire in the target audience and also provides information on how to fulfill that desire and makes the potential customer feel good about doing so. In the Budweiser Budvar magazine advertisement, there is an attractive young woman glancing over to the camera with text under her saying â€Å"When the average Czech girl looks like this; who the hell needs alcohol†. The Budweiser Budvar advertisement uses three major points to get its messages across, sexuality, sobriety, and authenticity. The advertisement places many subtle elements throughout the page to demonstrate that non-alcoholic beer is preferable over other alcoholic beverages because alcohol is not necessary for someone to get with girls. The fi rst element that this advertisement (as well as many others) utilizes is the explicit application of sexuality to capture the attention of unsuspecting consumers. Sexuality is an effective tool in advertising and is used very often to appeal to our humanly instincts. Sex in advertising uses sexually provocative or erotic imagery that are specifically designed to arouse interest in a product or service. Typically, this tool refers to beautiful women, handsome men, and happy relationships with beautifulShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sex Sells in Advertising768 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the idea of using sex appeal in advertising is not new, Diesel ran into trouble with this campaign as a large number of the public stated that it was demeaning and inappropriate. Yet others found them to be humorous, with the understanding that Diesel chose to use amateur photography and young models to appeal to the target audience of teenagers and young adults. Yet, many believe new technology such as the Internet, is allowing advertising with sexual content (eg, Diesels) to be seen by inappropriateRead MoreNegative Effects of Sex in Advertising1151 Words   |  5 Pagescommercials that you see everyday? They simply use sex. Sex in advertising can be defined as the use of any type of sexual imagery to draw the interest of the consumer to buying a particular product or service. The use of sex in advertising as mentioned earlier is said to have boasted a lot company’s revenues, but it also has its negative side which has caused a lot of problems in societies around the world. The idea of using sex in advertising is a very smart way that advertisers use to gain attentionRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On The Advertising Industry817 Words   |  4 Pages Over the past decade, the influences of the advertising industry have been growing significantly and it has become a part of our daily life. Everyone gets exposed to advertisements, because they appear everywhere: on newspapers, fliers lying on the ground, on your favorite TV shows, and you can’t even browsing the Internet without accidentally clicking on 10 random ads. Since advertising has become such a big impact on our life, advertising companies try to come up with new and effective ideas forRead More Sexually Explicit Advertising is Detrimental to Society Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pag esSexually Explicit Advertising is Detrimental to Society Just how far should advertisers go to sell a product? Individuals are reminded that a new age in advertising has emerged when Britney Spears and Victorias Secret model Tricia Helfer grace the cover of Forbes, a traditionally mature financial magazine. However, as any good advertiser knows, sex sells; all people need to do is look at a newsstand or magazine rack. But while it sells, it also offends as the promiscuous use of sexual images in advertisingRead MoreEssay on Womens Place in Advertising1330 Words   |  6 PagesWomens Place in Advertising No Works Cited Stereotypes in America have existed for hundreds of years. They were present before the Internet, television, radio, and even magazines. This is not to say that these newer media devices do not contribute to the overwhelming prevalence of racism, sexism, and stereotyping. Typecasting occurs regularly in society, for men, and especially women. Advertisers are the single largest contributor to the continuation of female degradation and sexual bias in ourRead MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1636 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements has on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’Read MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1505 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements have on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’Read MoreAdvertising Guide Consumers Thinking, Actions And Behaviour1421 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertisements guide consumers thinking, actions and behaviour as people come to accept the ideas shown through visuals. The most central of these is what it means to be a man or a woman. Ideas abot how to feel, dress, look and behave, and how to connect with other men and women is the culture we live in. A variety of advertisements such as TV adverts, billboards and print ads, outline the way men and women should be according to society. Advertisers give us gender specific advertisements to explainRead MoreMarketing Ethics Assignment : Calvin Klein1392 Words   |  6 Pagesline by input sexual explicit text message through ads and media to draw in buyers. In the American Marketing Association (AMA) under codes of conduct ethical values respect states that â€Å"Value individual differences and avoid stereotyping customers or depicting demographic groups (gender, race, sexual orientation) in a negative or dehumanizing way.†(Russ Klein) This goes against this code of conduct ethical values because they are making customers feel uncomfortable by using sexual activities toRead MoreBite of Twilight1489 Words   |  6 Pagesarticles Taking a Bite Out of Twilight, written by Carmen D. Siering an assistant professor of English and women’s studies at Bell State University, and Two Ways a Women Can Get Hurt, written by Jean Kilbourne who is an award winning author and educator, the idea of feminism in today’s media is questioned. Seiring writes about a popular book, titled Twilight, and how the main female character of the novel goes against the idea of feminism. Kilbourne, however, writes about how advertising in today’s

Treating Information Privacy Flaws Of The Federal Trade...

TREATING INFORMATION PRIVACY DEFICIENCIES IN CYBERSPACE Introduction Scholars are divided on the fundamental question of the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) adjudicative capacity under the FTC Act. The FTC uses a reasonableness standard and considers each company’s data security practices on a case-by-case basis. For more than a decade, the FTC’s enforcement of data security actions invoked under  §5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act) resulted in consent decrees and settlements, subsequently scrutinized by practitioners as carrying as much precedential value as judicial opinions. In 2015, the Third Circuit Court Appeals’ decision in Wyndham reinforced the FTC’s authority to pursue enforcement actions against companies that do not have reasonable data security practices. Notwithstanding a motion to dismiss arguing that, inter alia, (1) the FTC lacks authority to regulate under  §5 of the FTC Act and (2) the FTC failed to provide fair notice and of what constitutes reasonable data security standards and (3)  §5 does not govern the security of payment card data; Wyndham marked the first time federal courts held that the FTC has authority under  §5 of the FTC Act to enforce data security practices. Equipped with Wyndham, the FTC’s guidelines in providing information about what acts constitutes unfair or deceptive practices carry more precedential force than ever before. Essentially, the Circuit Court of Appeals’ holding in Wyndham affirms the FTC’s discretion toShow MoreRelatedBusiness and Consumer Law17552 Words   |  71 Pagesï » ¿Business and Consumer Law Final Exam Notes Chapter 5: An Introduction to Contracts Contract Law: A deliberate and complete agreement between two or more competent persons in writing supported by mutual consideration, to perform an act. It is enforceable in court. Agreement: composed of an offer to enter into a contract and acceptance of the contract. Complete: the agreement must be certain. Deliberate: both parties must want to enter into a contractual relationship. 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Value for Both Customer and Marketer - Value refers to the perception of benefits received for what someone must give up. For customers value is most often measured by how much they feel they are gettingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLibrary and Information Center Management Recent Titles in Library and Information Science Text Series Library and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to AcquisitionsRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesC) experiences D) luxury goods E) services Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 7) Car rental firms, hair dressers, and management consultants provide ________. A) goods B) experiences C) events D) services E) information Answer: D Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 8) The Soccer World Cup is promoted aggressively to both companies and fans. This is an example of marketing a(n) ________. A) idea B) place C) luxury item Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pageswas printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw−Hill Primis text may include materials submittedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAttractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 ExperientialRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.................................................... 119 Exercises .......................................................................................................................................... 122 CHAPTER 4 How to Evaluate Information and Judge Credibility..................................... 137 The Principles of Charity and Fidelity ............................................................................................ 137 When Should You Accept Unusual StatementsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages449 Meaning 449 Trust 450 Review of Empowerment Dimensions 451 How to Develop Empowerment 451 Articulating a Clear Vision and Goals 452 Fostering Personal Mastery Experiences 453 Modeling 454 Providing Support 454 Emotional Arousal 455 Providing Information 456 Providing Resources 457 Connecting to Outcomes 457 Creating Confidence 458 Review of Empowerment Principles 459 Inhibitors to Empowerment 461 Attitudes About Subordinates 462 Personal Insecurities 462 Need for Control 462 Delegating Work 463

Effect Of Auditor Independence On Quality -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effect Of Auditor Independence On Quality? Answer: Introducation As per section 250(1), Marketing Professional Services of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, if a Professional Accountant in Public Practice requests for obtaining work through advertising his expertise and qualifications, there is a possibility of possible risks to conformity with the basic principles. According to section 250(2), the professional accountant shall not degrade his /her profession while advertising his expertise or qualification. The accountant should be fair and sincere in his dealings. The accountant shall not make a mountain out of a molehill for his services, qualifications or expertise. So, in this case, the Berowra Accountants are advertising a special in the local paper that they guarantee to provide their clients with a tax refund .It is a wrong practice to guarantee tax refunds. They can plan the tax savings and tax planning. So, there is a violation of section 250 Marketing services in the mentioned case (International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, 2016). As per section 210(1), Professional Appointment, of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, the professional accountant in public practice shall evaluate the prospective client before accepting the offer to provide expertise and services. The risk of non-compliance of the basic principles may arise due to ambiguous issues pertaining to the client. According to section 210(4), the professional accountant shall gain full knowledge and comprehend the client fully. He/she should also evaluate the owners, managerial personnel, governance and commercial activities. The accountant should secure the clients assurance regarding the improvement of the corporate governance practices and internal control procedures. According to section 220(1), Conflicts of Interest, of International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, a professional accountant shall recognize the situations which could pose a threat to Conflicts of Interest. So, in this case, Jamie Harvey is an auditor for a chartered accounting firm has been offered to be the treasurer of the local athletics club .It is against the ethical principles of section 210 and 220. Hence, Jamie cant be the treasurer of the local athletics club (Glover Prawitt, 2014). According to section 290(1) Independence Assurance Engagements of International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, the professional accountants shall be independent of their clients. So, in the given case the Pymble Accountants has carried the audit of Monlee Ltd. and the final payments are dependent upon receiving the appropriate report (PWC, 2013). There is a violation of the ethical principle under section 290 as it is unethical on the clients side to influence the results of the analysis of the financial statement. So, the auditors should decline such offer from the clients side (International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, 2016). According to the section 230(1), Second Opinions of International Ethics Standards Board for Accountant, if a professional accountant have been asked to deliver a second opinion on the auditing and accounting matters, by or on behalf of the company which is not his/her client may pose a threat to compliance of the basic principles. If the professional advice provided by the latter accountant is not based on the same set of information which were made available to the former, it may pose a threat to compliance with the auditing principles (Patrick, Vitalis Mdoom, 2017). So, in this case, where Winton Accountants have submitted the working papers of audit of Motoring Services Company after its completion to Chadwick Chartered Accountants for the quality review of the audit work is against the ethical principle. According to section 230(2) of International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, they should first evaluate the probability of any risks and implement the precautions to minimize them upto a significant level. Kaveh et al. suggests that accounting emphasizes on stating the facts and the consistency of the financial statements in an impartial manner. Through Independence, the auditor states that he has performed his task in an unprejudiced way. The auditor should express an honest and fair opinion pertaining to the financial statements. He /she should not be affected from the influence of the client entity. His judgment shall not be prejudiced by any relationship between them. In the given case, the auditors are facing Self Review Threat in which one of the members of the auditor team Jane Davis has been the past employee of the client entity. So, she should not be appointed as a part of the audit team. It would affect the independence of the auditing team (Nawaiseh Alnawaiseh , 2015). As per CPA (2014) the Management Threat occurs when the audit firm performs the work regarding the judgments and decision making which should be the accountability of the management. In the given case, John Darrow, the Audit Manager of Darrow Associates Accountants, has received the accounts of Winmalee Ltd. which has the optimistic approach of the valuation of development expenditure capitalized in the intangible assets. It might have an impact on the firms performance. The management should adopt the pessimistic approach while assessing the value of the development expenditure capitalized in the intangible assets. It is the managements duty to adopt the right approach while valuing the development expenditure. Also the auditors are facing the threat to integrity as per section 110 Integrity of the ICAEW Code of Ethics. Integrity implies not only in adopting fair dealings but also fairly communicating with the client entity while conducting the audit (ICAEW, 2013). So, the auditors are facing the Management Threat as well as Threat to Integrity. In the given case, the chocolate company invited the auditing firm to visit its seconds chocolate shop where defective chocolates were sold at a discount and to join its social club, before the completion of audit. This may result in Self Interest Threat to the independence of auditors. It occurs when the auditing firm or its members can take the undue advantage from the financial interests or self- interest from the client. With regards to the mentioned case, the client entity is trying to affect the independence of the auditors by offering discounted products and hospitality so that they can produce good report of its financial statements. As a result, the auditors are facing Self- Interest Threat to their independence (Ali Nesrine, 2015). As per Section 570 of the Auditing Standard ASA 570 Going Concern, the accountability of the auditors is to assess whether the firm has the capacity to continue as a successful entity and financial report should be prepared accordingly. So, in the given case, as per ASA 570, the auditor would give a Qualified Opinion. As the company is running short of funds to pay its debts and it has been asked by the bank to repay its overdraft within a month. All the other attempts to obtain the funds have been failed. So, the company is facing the threat to operate successfully in the near future (Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2015). Though the auditors have not found any substantial misstatements in its financial report but there seems to be a threat to its existence. The auditors will mention the commissions made by the company in the additional paragraphs and the reasons of their Qualified Opinion (Wickramasingha . Nanayakkara, 2015). In the given case, where the difference between LIFO and FIFO is calculated which has led to material misstatements affecting the stock. The auditor shall produce an Adverse Opinion in this regard. As per Australian Auditing Standard ASA 405 Evaluation of Misstatements Identified during Audit, the auditors shall form their view regarding the financial reports .They must analyze whether the accounts are free from substantial mismanagements (Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, 2015). In the given case, the factory located in Melbourne was valued five years ago. The same amount is included in the balance sheet, assuming that the market values have remained same during the past five years. In this case, the auditors will give a Qualified Opinion regarding the financial reports of the Victorian Manufacturing company. They will mention their qualifications in the extra paragraph (PCAOB, 2017). References Ali , O. M. Nesrine, A. (2015) Factors Affecting Auditor Independence in Tunisia: The Perceptions of Financial Analysts. Journal of Finance and Accounting. 3(3), pp.42-49. Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (2015) Auditing Standard ASA 450 Evaluation of Misstatements Identified during the Audit [Online]. Available from: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ASA_450_Compiled_2015.pdf [Accessed 19th January, 2018]. Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (2015) Auditing Standard ASA 570 Going Concern [Online]. Available from: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ASA_570_2015.pdf [Accessed 15th January, 2018]. CPA (2014) Provision of accounting services to an audit client: Example of Threats and Safeguards [Online]. Available from https://www.cpaireland.ie/members/technical-resource/ethics/ethical-standards-for-auditors/accounting-services-examples-of-threats-and-safeguards [Accessed 18th January, 2018]. Glover, S. M. Prawitt, F.D. (2014) Enhancing Auditor Professional Skepticism: The Professional Skepticism Continuum. Current Issues in Auditing. 8(2). pp.P1P10. ICAEW (2013) Integrity [Online]. Available from https://www.icaew.com/en/technical/ethics/integrity [Accessed 19th January, 2018]. International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (2016) Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. New York: International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants. Kaveh, M., Khalili, M. , Ghorbani , A. Soroush, M.( 2014) Professional Ethics in Accounting and Auditing. World Essays Journal. 1(2),pp. 85-93. Nawaiseh, M. A.L.AI. Alnawaiseh, M.(2015) The Effects of the Threats on the Auditors Independence. International Business Research. 8(8),pp.141-149. Patrick, Z., Vitalis , K. Mdoom, I.(2017) Effect of Auditor Independence on Audit Quality: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Business and Management Invention. 6(3), pp.51-59. PCAOB (2017) AS 3105, Departures from Unqualified Opinions and Other Reporting Circumstances [Online]. Available from https://pcaobus.org/Rulemaking/Docket034/2017-001-auditors-report-final-rule.pdf [Accessed 19th January, 2018]. PWC (2013) Point of View [Online]. Available from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/publications/assets/pwc-pointofview-mandatoryrotation.pdf [Accessed 19th January, 2018]. Wickramasingha, S.R.M. . Nanayakkara, K.G.M. (2015) The External Auditors Opinions and The Stakeholders Purposes: An Empirical Analysis in Sri Lanka. Kelaniya Journal of Management.4 (1), pp. 31-49.

Tranquil post Essay Example

Tranquil post Essay I would like to open a African restaurant, food from all over the continent Africa. My aim is to have different races come and try what real African food and try food from that side of the world .I believe that a restaurant is a place of relaxation and comfort ability both environmentally and in the catering. I want the restaurant to be a home away from home. I want there to be a tropical feeling and where it feels like the world has been condensed into one place.Restaurants generally provide a service. The provide food. All restaurants all different, it may be Chinese, Indian, English or ItalianRestaurant patrons want to be delighted, but not necessarily surprised. If theyre anticipating a family-style steakhouse but find themselves in a more formal environment with a bewildering gourmet menu, the surprise alone may keep them from enjoying the restaurant. Concepts give restaurateurs a way to let patrons know what to expect and also provide some structure for operation. Some of the m ore popular restaurant concepts include: Casual-dining restaurants, Family-style restaurants, Ethnic restaurants, Seafood and SteakhousesFamily- style establishments offer speedy service and menus appealing to a broad range of customers, from children to seniors. Family-style restaurants have prices slightly higher than those at fast-food restaurants, yet still provide table service.Quick-service seafood restaurants generally offer a `limited range of choices, often restricted to fried fish and shrimp. Miscalled and upscale restaurants offer a wider selection of seafood items, prepared in ways other than fried, including baked, broiled and grilled. Seafood can be risky, as seafood prices are always changing and many kinds of seafood are seasonal. Beware: Quality can vary tremendously.Steakhouses are part of the miscalled and upscale markets. Miscalled steakhouses are typically family-oriented, offering a casual environment with meals perceived as good values. Comfort is emphasized, and Western themes are popular. Upscale steakhouses offer a more formal atmosphere and may serve larger cuts of meat of better quality than those served in miscalled restaurants. Upscale establishments offer guests more privacy and focus more on adult patrons than on families.I want to create a casual dining restaurant serving Ghanaian food. Casual-dining restaurants appeal to a wide audience, ranging from baby boomers to kids to Gen Hers to seniors, and they provide a variety of food items. Many successful casual-dining restaurants centre on a theme thats incorporated into their menus and dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor.Step 2: Set Up Your FacilityLayout and design are major factors in your restaurants success. Ill need to take into account the size and layout of the dining room, kitchen space, storage space and office. Typically, restaurants allot 40 to 60 percent of their space to the dining area, approximately 30 percent to the kitchen and prep area and the remainder to storage and office spac e.Dining areaThis is where Ill be making the bulk of your money, so I dont cut corners when designing your dining room. I will visit restaurants in your area and analyze the dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor, watch the diners whether they react positively to the dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor or not.Are it comfortable, or are people shifting in their seats throughout their meals.I will note what works well and what doesnt. The space required per seat varies. For a small, casual-dining restaurant, youll need about 15 to 18 square feet per seat to assure comfortable seating and enough aisle space so servers have room to move between the tables.Production area: Too often, the production area in a restaurant is inefficiently designed, and the result is a poorly organized kitchen and less than top-notch service. Keep your menu in mind as you determine each element in the production area. Ill need to include space for receiving, storage, food preparation, cooking, baking, dishwashing, production aisles, trash storage, employee facilities and an area for a small office where I can perform daily management duties. I will arrange my food production area so that everything is just a few steps away from the cook. My design should also allow two or more cooks to work side by side during my busiest hours.Step 3: Plan Your InventoryBefore I open my restaurant, you need to make sure it will be adequately stocked. To calculate basic stock accurately, review actual sales during an appropriate time period, such as a full year of business. Of course, during my start-up, I wont have previous sales and stocking figures to guide me, so Ill project my first years stock requirements based on my business plan.Depending on the size and type of my restaurant, during my first year I can expect to spend anywhere from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30000 on food, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9000 on beverages, and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 on paper products.My employees will help define my restaurants reput ation. There are several categories of personnel in the restaurant business: manager, cooks, servers, busboys, dishwashers, hosts and bartenders. When my restaurant is still new, some of the duties may cross over from one category to another. For example, I the manager may double as the host, and servers may also bus tables. I will be sure to hire people who are willing to be flexible in their duties. My payroll costs, including my salary and that of your co- managers, should be about 24 to 35 percent of your total gross sales.Step 4: Hire Your StaffFor the Manager the most important employee in most restaurants is the manager. My best candidate will have already managed a restaurant in your area and will be familiar with local buying sources, suppliers and methods. My also want a manager with leadership skills and the ability to supervise personnel while reflecting the style and character of your restaurant.To get the quality of manager I want, youll have to pay well. Depending on your location, expect to pay a seasoned manager à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30,000 a year, plus a percentage of sales. An entry-level manager will earn à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000 but wont have the skills of a more experienced candidate. If I cant offer a high salary, work out a profit-sharing arrangementits an excellent way to hire good people and motivate them to build a successful restaurant. Hire a manager a month before you open so he or she can help me set up my restaurant. Once the business is running, the manager can anticipate slower times of the day or week to schedule his or her off-hours.Marketing StrategyA marketing strategy identifies customer groups which a particular business can better serve than its target competitors, and tailors product offerings, prices, distribution, promotional efforts, and services toward those market segments. Ideally, the strategy should address unmet customer needs that offer adequate potential profitability. A good stra tegy helps a business focus on the target markets it can serve best.Target MarketingOwners of small businesses usually have limited resources to spend on marketing. Concentrating their efforts on one or a few key market segments target marketing gets the most return from small investments. There are two methods used to segment a market:Geographical segmentation Specializing in serving the needs of customers in a particular geographical area. For example, a neighbourhood convenience store may send advertisements only to people living within one-half mile of the store.Customer segmentation Identifying those people most likely to buy the product or service and targeting those groups.Managing the Market MixEvery marketing program contains four key components:Products and ServicesPromotionDistributionPricingThese are combined into an overall marketing program.Products and ServicesProduct strategies may include concentrating on a narrow product line, developing a highly specialized pr oduct or service, or providing a product-service package containing unusually high-quality service.PromotionPromotion strategies include advertising and direct customer interaction. Good salesmanship is essential for small businesses because of their limited ability to spend on advertising. Good telephone book advertising is also important. Direct mail is an effective, low-cost medium available to small business.PriceThe right price is crucial for maximizing total revenue. Generally, higher prices mean lower volume and vice-versa; however, small businesses can often command higher prices because of their personalized service.DistributionThe manufacturer and wholesaler must decide how to distribute their products. Working through established distributors or manufacturers agents generally is easiest for small manufacturers. Small retailers should consider cost and traffic flow in site selection, especially since advertising and rent can be reciprocal: A low-cost, low-traffic location means spending more on advertising to build traffic.The nature of the product or service is also important in sitting decisions. If purchases are based largely on impulse, then high traffic and visibility are critical. On the other hand, location is less a concern for products or services that customers are willing to go out of their way to find. The recent availability of highly segmented mailing lists, purchased from list brokers, magazines, or other companies, has enabled certain small businesses to operate from any location yet serve national or international markets.Marketing PerformanceAfter implementing a marketing program, entrepreneurs must evaluate its performance. Every program should have performance standards to compare with actual results. Researching industry norms and past performance will help to develop appropriate standards.Entrepreneurs should audit their companys performance at least quarterly. The key questions are:Is the company doing all it can to be customer -oriented?Do employees ensure the customers are satisfied and leave wanting to come back?Is it easy for the customer to find what he or she wants at a competitive price?Some Marketing IdeasMarketing is all about satisfying customer needs. The following represents a comprehensive list of marketing ideas. Use the list of marketing ideas to help better understand customer needs and ways to satisfy those needs.A business plan precisely defines your business, identifies your goals, and serves as your firms resume. The basic components include a current and pro forma balance sheet, an income statement, and a cash flow analysis. It helps you allocate resources properly, handle unforeseen complications, and make good business decisions. Because it provides specific and organized information about your company and how you will repay borrowed money, a good business plan is a crucial part of any loan application. Additionally, it informs sales personnel, suppliers, and others about your operat ions and goals.Using the PlanA business plan is a tool with three basic purposes: communication, management, and planning.As a communication tool, it is used to attract investment capital, secure loans, convince workers to hire on, and assist in attracting strategic business partners. The development of a comprehensive business plan shows whether or not a business has the potential to make a profit. It requires a realistic look at almost every phase of business and allows you to show that you have worked out all the problems and decided on potential alternatives before actually launching your business.As a management tool, the business plan helps you track, monitor and evaluate your progress. The business plan is a living document that you will modify as you gain knowledge and experience. By using your business plan to establish timelines and milestones, you can gauge your progress and compare your projections to actual accomplishments.As a planning tool, the business plan guides yo u through the various phases of your business. A thoughtful plan will help identify roadblocks and obstacles so that you can avoid them and establish alternatives. Many business owners share their business plans with their employees to foster a broader understanding of where the business is going.These are a few ways to promote a restaurantPublicity stunts Stunt is a word with negative connotations for restaurant owners, but I wanted to use a word that conjured up images that are different than traditional press relations efforts. Sending a standard press release about a new menu may result in a small write-up. To cut through the clutter and generate extensive exposure, you need a newsworthy angle. Something likes a celebrity chef cook-off, really unique contest or other major event. Think beyond typical events like golf tournaments and simple fundraisers. Challenge your staff or marketing firm to think what youd have to do to make it into the Guinness Book of World Records. Challe nge them to think much bigger and come up with ideas that tie in to what your club stands for but also have potential for national exposure. If you create events that have only local appeal, youll be limited with your media exposure potential and may not even make the local paper. If you think much larger, you wont have to worry about getting coverage. A well-constructed publicity stunt can be worth its weight in gold in terms of positive exposure for your restaurant.Public relations Public relations has been called advertising that you dont have to pay for. If you have a successful public and media relations program, youll get increased exposure and prestige without spending a fortune. For this to work; though, youll need to create and publicize newsworthy stories. Hiring a new chef isnt always enough to garner the kind of attention you deserve. Create other angles that are unique and make your restaurant stand out. Also, review your restaurants marketing and advertising expenses over the last three years. Then determine the percentage that was spent on traditional advertising compared to public relations. Its worthwhile to spend 15-30 percent of your budget on a solid public relations program. Find a firm that has creativity and excitement about your restaurant. If that firm doesnt seem genuinely curious and interested in your restaurant and what it has to offer, itll have a hard time creating interest with the media.Bounce backs This is an underutilized tool that bounces guests from peak times to off-peak times and can also work to encourage frequency in your food and beverage operations. While simple in theory and execution, this tactic can produce far more in revenues per dollar invested than traditional advertising. All you do is offer incentives at the point of purchase on popular services to encourage the guest to try your restaurant another time. For instance, if youre busy for lunch and need to drive sales for dinner, offer bounces back certificate s that can only be redeemed during dinner hours.Stop discounting Discounting tells your customers and prospective customers, We dont deserve full price, so well be happy to lower our rates to make up for the difference. This point was driven home to me during my tenure with The Breakers of Palm Beach, a lavish resort whose guests spend a small fortune to walk the halls. Discounting the price would be to discount the 105 years spent building a brand. Instead of discounting, consider no strings offers that do not rely on percentages. Examples include value-added perks such as free valet parking, complimentary services, merchandise, etc. And, in a related topic, never offer coupons, only offer certificates.Business socials some restaurant owners are unreceptive or apathetic to hosting business socials with outside organizations at their establishment. However, if they select the right group to partner with, you can leverage their resources to promote your restaurant, and you can also target your core audience. Host socials where the food is centre stage. Arrange photo opportunities that include your displays in the background and submit to local media. Partnering with a business or charitable organization works on many levels and can help you stretch your marketing budget while still delivering higher returns on investment than can be achieved with traditional advertising.Sampling Tasting believes and if you would grade your food a B minus or above, you need to get it in potential customers mouths. Thats the best way to build recognition and it is more effective and less expensive than advertising. Every public event that draws your core audience is an opportunity to offer samples of your product. Pick the best 2-3 items on your menu that can be easily transported and get some solid representatives of your restaurant out to meet and greet at these off-property functionsHost food events Hosting food events such as the Taste of Caribbean is a great way to posit ion your restaurant as a centre of the food scene in your market. It allows you to leverage the reputation, profile and credibility of all of the other participants, and it can also help you share the expense of holding the event. Hosting an event also provides your restaurant with the opportunity to recruit additional manpower and resources for promoting the event and gives that added edge with garnering local publicity.Toss up days Promote this program through your next newsletter and other internal marketing vehicles to your existing customer base. Pick a day which is the slowest food day and flip for the food tab. Guests will have a 50 percent chance of getting their food bill paid by the restaurant. This attracts your guests attention much more than a buy one get one free restaurant promotion. Guests are also more likely to have higher check averages than normal because there is a chance they wont have to pay. It creates a tremendous attention among your core guest base.Menu B ingo This is a great tactic for encouraging frequency and getting members to try different items on the menu. You simply create bingo cards that have different menu items in boxes. Have the cards designed with five columns and five rows. You can also promote other non-food items such as merchandise, cookbooks, and gift certificates. Guests have an allotted period of time 60 days for example to complete a connection just as they would with a bingo card. Once they try five items in any direction, they receive a free gift basket or other incentives that are roughly equal to one of the items purchased.Birthday program Research shows that 40 percent of all Ghanaian eat out on their birthday. This presents an opportunity for establishments with solid birthday programs. So restaurants should take more advantage of this. It does offer a chance for you to swoop in and capture your increased share of the market. A birthday program can be executed through new automated tools like those tha t are available through e-mail marketing service providers. You simply plug in the birthday and e-mail address of your members, and a secure and nicely designed e-mail is sent to them at a time you determine in advance. The system knows who and when to send the e-mail to and also tracks view rates for reporting that allows you to know how well your program is working. You can also have the e-mail include a redemption code that will allow you to track what percentages of the e-mails are bringing in guests and calculate a return on investment. Recent research has shown that retention based e-mail marketing is 300 to 400 percent higher than traditional vehicles such as direct mail and faxes. Its a great way to communicate and manage your clubs birthday program.Market researchMarket research aims to helps an organisation make effective marketing decisions by providing information that can inform the decision making process. Its is concerned with the data in order help the producer bette r understand their costumer. I will be carrying out a market research, I will do this because it can help an organisation to achieve it overall objective because it can identify market opportunities for example move from sitting on wooding chairs to cushioned chairs. It can be used to asses and improve marketing activity for example improves the service offered in a restaurant. It helps improve the quality of marketing being undertaken by revealing important costumer information such as, what the costumer wants, what they prefer, how often they eat out or what type of food they prefer. I will use primary research because primary research obtains new information and helps you keep on top pf competition. It helps to know the costumer that uses their products it also helps organisation to know what improve on. It is cheap and brings a lot of information.Secondary research makes use of research already carried out by someone else for another project. I will also use secondary research b ecause it helps me have a broader view of the were restaurants are positioned in the market. Secondary information comes from the television, magazines, internet, news and current affairs. Access to secondary information can be easy and cheap to accessDun Bradstreet- this research publishes a number of directories such as comprehensive financial reports on companies and on the trading prospects in a particular industry this is often used by suppliers and other creditor to determine companys credit worthiness.Mintel standing for market intelligence is one of the leading sources of secondary marketing information. Every month mintel analyses the consumers, producers, advertising and distribution within a range of market.Company report is a legal requirement for a public limited is to publish data about it activities in the previous.Observation is watching and recording the activities of a business or individual to identify actions.Back data is existing company information which can u sed to make a decision of forecast future trends.Annual abstract of statistics are data collected by the government on all areas of public and business life.Trial air when a product is used and opinions and views are recorded on the experiencePilots- a preliminary stage in market research in which a small number of interview are conducted to see whether the questionnaire, advert or product achieves the research objectivesField trials- testing a new or improved product on costumers within you target market.Consumer panel-a group of consumers within a firms target market used on a regular basis for market research exercises.Test marketing- the launch of a new or improved product within a tightly defined area, older to measure actual sales potential.Concept testing- to test the accepting of a concept by target consumersDemand is a desire to own or a service. It is affected by consumer taste, price, incomes, advertising and the popularity of other products.P3Form the market research vid eo I watched, I found out that before a research is done, the company has to find out from their clients, what the aims and objectives of what they want for example, their buying habits, information about their competition in order to keep on top of competition.The market research survey is good and is an advantage to the company because is save money. The market research identifies the costumer needs and wants. The company needs to understand its competitors and I identify the aims and objectives.The system that the company does when they enter their questions is coded. Their questionnaires are pre-tested before they go out to costumers. Some questionnaires are open ended other are closed ended questions.The advantages of closed questions are that it is easier and quicker for respondents to answer, the answers of different respondents are easier to compare, answers are easier to code and statistically analyse, the response choices can clarify question meaning for respondents, respo ndents are more likely to answer about sensitive topics, there are fewer irrelevant or confused answers to questions, less articulate or less literate respondents are not at a disadvantage and replication is easier.The disadvantages are that they can suggest ideas that the respondent would not otherwise have, respondents with no opinion or no knowledge can answer anyway, respondents can be frustrated because their desired answer is not a choice, it is confusing if many response choices are offered, misinterpretation of a question can go unnoticed, distinctions between respondent answers may be blurred, clerical mistakes or marking the wrong response is possible, they force respondents to give simplistic responses to complex issues and they force people to make choices they would not make in the real world.However open ended questions can be useful because they permit an unlimited number of possible answers, respondents can answer in detail and can qualify and clarify responses, unan ticipated findings can be discovered, they permit adequate answers to complex issues, they permit creativity, self-expression, and richness of detail and they reveal a respondents logic, thinking process, and frame of reference, yet it also has some disadvantages, open ended questions could be different respondents give different degrees of detail in answers, responses may be irrelevant or buried in useless detail, comparisons and statistical analysis become difficult, coding responses is difficultà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ articulate and highly literate respondents have an advantage, questions may be too general for respondents who lose direction, a greater amount of respondent time, thought, and effort is necessary, respondents can be intimidated by questions and answers take up a lot of space in the questionnaire.